1.PV合并脑血管血栓性疾病的临床评估:(1)PV合并脑动脉系统血栓形成的临床评估:合并脑动脉系统血栓形成的PV患者,急性期应进行卒中急诊评估,包括病史采集、体格检查与卒中严重程度的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,完善血液学检查、头部结构影像学、颅内外血管评价、心电图与超声心动等心脏节律与结构的检查等。(2)PV合并脑静脉系统血栓形成的临床评估[34]:对于不明原因头痛、颅内高压表现、癫痫发作和意识障碍的PV患者,应警惕合并脑静脉系统血栓形成。推荐进行详细病史采集、体格检查、血液学检查和腰椎穿刺,高度疑诊患者需进一步行头部结构与动静脉系统影像学检查明确诊断。MRI/颅脑磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)或CT静脉造影(CTV)能准确诊断大多数脑静脉系统血栓,必要时行高分辨核磁黑血血栓成像或数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)。
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